Melanie Leguizamon; Paula Trujillo; Kilian Hett; Colin D. McKnight; Tristan Ponzo; Jason Elenberger; Alexander K. Song; Colleen Bridges; Bailu Yan; Hakmook Kang; Manus J. Donahue; Daniel O. Claassen; Ciaran M. Considine (2026).Ìý.ÌýArchives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 41(2), acaf097.Ìý
This study examined whether a 12-week community exercise program based on non-contact boxing—called Rock Steady Boxing (RSB)—is practical and beneficial for people with ±Ê²¹°ù°ì¾±²Ô²õ´Ç²Ô’s disease (PD), a condition that affects movement and sometimes thinking abilities. Twenty-six participants completed 24 classes over the study period, and researchers measured their motor (movement-related) and cognitive (thinking and memory) abilities before and after the program. A smaller group also wore actigraphy devices, which are wearable sensors that track activity levels and sleep patterns.
The results showed clear improvements in motor function, particularly in balance, as measured by a standard clinical test. This suggests that the boxing-based exercise helped participants move more effectively and maintain stability. While there were some signs of improvement in cognitive functions such as memory and attention, these changes were not statistically strong enough to be considered definitive. Additionally, the wearable device data did not show significant changes in daily activity or sleep patterns.
Overall, the study suggests that this type of exercise program is safe, feasible, and beneficial for improving movement in people with ±Ê²¹°ù°ì¾±²Ô²õ´Ç²Ô’s disease, regardless of age or disease severity. There are hints that it might also help cognitive function, but more research with larger groups is needed to confirm this.

Fig. 1
Attrition diagram for Parkinson disease cohort.